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Recession Prompting Increase In Number Of People With HIV Seeking Public Services In California
The Los Angeles Times on Sunday examined how the recession is impacting people living with HIV in California. Brad Hare, medical director of University of California-San Francisco"s Positive Health Program at San Francisco General Hospital, said that people living with HIV who have lost their jobs and private health insurance are turning to public and nonprofit clinics for the first time and are responsible for a 12% increase this year in the clinic"s overall patient visits. He added that many of the patients he sees have gone months without receiving medical care. In addition, at the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, which also provides HIV treatment, the number of new patients has doubled over the last year, Thomas Soule, a spokesperson for the center, said. The Times also profiled a client of the center (Lin, Los Angeles Times, 5/31).
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Chemical In Blood May Explain Susceptibility To Bladder Pain
A marker in the blood of both cats and humans that was identified in a recent study might signal both species" susceptibility for a painful bladder disorder called interstitial cystitis, a condition that is often difficult to diagnose.
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Low-income Breast Cancer Patients Skipping Hormonal Therapy, Increasing Their Risks
Many low-income women are failing to take the hormonal therapy prescribed as part of their breast cancer treatment, possibly lowering their survival rates, according to a study led by a researcher in the Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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After Extreme Sleep Deprivation, Caffeine Intake Prevents Risk Taking

According to a research abstract that will be presented on Wednesday, June 10, at SLEEP 2009, the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, caffeine use prevents increased risk taking that occurs after several nights of total sleep deprivation. Results indicate that despite extreme sleep deprivation, participants who had consumed caffeine did not exhibit increased risky behavior on the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), a computerized measure of impulsive risk-taking. Participants who received the placebo were unchanged from baseline on the cost/benefit ratio of the BART at 51 hours of sleep deprivation, but showed a significant increase in risk-taking by 75 hours. The caffeine group remained unchanged from baseline at either 51 or 75 hours of wakefulness and was significantly less risky than the placebo group at 75 hours. According to principal investigator Maj. William D. "Scott" Killgore, PhD, research psychologist at the Harvard Medical School and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, sleep deprivation may not have a simple linear effect on risk taking; however, there may be a "breaking point" during which a person may show a drastic release in their ability to control or inhibit behavior. In this study, caffeine seemed to protect against that breaking point. "People who were awake for three days straight became more impulsive and acted with less regard for consequences," said Killgore. "However, if they had consumed caffeine each night (about the equivalent of 1-2 cups of coffee every two hours from just after midnight until dawn), they showed no increase in risky behavior." The study involved 25 healthy volunteers (21 men, 4 women) between the ages of 20 and 35 years, who were deprived of sleep for three nights. In a double-blind administration, subjects received 200 mg caffeine gum or identical placebo gum bihourly each morning from 1 a.m. to 7 a.m. during the period of sleep deprivation. At mid-morning, subjects participated in a behavioral task of risky behavior that requires expenditure effort (BART), during which participants were asked to inflate virtual balloons on a computer and try to "cash in" their value before they popped. The bigger the balloon, the more money it was worth. According to Killgore, findings of this study look at the most extreme range of sleep deprivation, so most people will not experience such effects under normal circumstances. However, findings from a previous study show that people who were chronically restricted to three hours of sleep per night for a week showed a progressive increase in risk-taking behavior during the same task. Thus, it is possible that a similar "breaking point" occurs with longer periods of chronic sleep deprivation, though further research is still necessary. Abstract Title: Caffeine Protects Against Increased Risk-Taking Behavior During Severe Sleep Deprivation Presentation Date: Wednesday, June 10 Category: Sleep Deprivation Abstract ID: 0473 Kelly Wagner American Academy of Sleep Medicine


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