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In Men, Insomnia With Objective Short Sleep Duration Is Associated With Increased Mortality
Men with insomnia and sleep duration of six or fewer hours of nightly sleep are at an increased risk for mortality, according to a research abstract presented on June 8, at SLEEP 2009, the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies
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Researchers Decode Structure Of An Entire HIV Genome
The structure of an entire HIV genome has been decoded for the first time by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The results have widespread implications for understanding the strategies that viruses, like the one that causes AIDS, use to infect humans.
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Genzyme Receives Positive Opinion For European Approval Of Mozobil
Genzyme Corporation (Nasdaq: GENZ) announced that the European Medicines Agency"s Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP) has adopted a positive opinion on the marketing authorization application for Mozobil ® (plerixafor injection).
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Figuring Out Who Will Benefit Most From A New Therapy For Multiple Sclerosis

In a recent phase II clinical trial, the drug alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) was found to be a highly effective treatment for individuals with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, a substantial proportion of the patients treated (30%) went on to develop another autoimmune disease, mostly thyroid autoimmunity. Now, Joanne Jones and colleagues, at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, have determined that individuals with higher levels of the soluble factor IL-21 in their blood prior to alemtuzumab treatment were those that went on to develop an autoimmune disease. Further analysis identified a mechanism by which IL-21 contributes to the development of autoimmunity and determined that in some patients the higher levels of IL-21 were genetically predetermined. The authors therefore suggest that measuring levels of IL-21 in the blood of individuals with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis might identify those that would be at greatest risk of developing autoimmunity if treated with alemtuzumab. Terri Laufer and Gregory Wu, at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, further discuss the importance of this in an accompanying commentary, noting that determining one reason why some patients succumb to autoimmune disease after alemtuzumab treatment, while others do not, is likely to increase enthusiasm for this new therapeutic. TITLE: IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) AUTHOR CONTACT: Joanne L. Jones University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke"s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom. View the PDF of this article at: https://www.the-jci.org/article.php?id=37878 ACCOMPANYING COMMENTARY TITLE: Treating MS: getting to know the two birds in the bush AUTHOR CONTACT: Terri M. Laufer University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. View the PDF of this article at: https://www.the-jci.org/article.php?id=39963 Karen Honey Journal of Clinical Investigation


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